How Dental Bacterial Plaque Causes Gum Disease and How to Prevent It

How Does Bacterial Plaque Contribute to Tooth Decay?

So how exactly does plaque cause tooth decay? Dental decay is due to the irreversible solubilization of tooth mineral by acid produced by certain bacteria that adhere to the tooth surface in bacterial communities known as dental plaque.

After you eat food is when most acid production occurs, according to MedlinePlus. So every time you eat a meal or snack, the process of plaque build-up begins within a few minutes. 

Tartar Build-Up and Gum Disease

• Gingivitis:

1. Early Stage: Plaque that isn’t removed can cause inflammation of the gums, known as gingivitis. This is the earliest stage of gum disease.
2. Symptoms: Red, swollen gums that may bleed when you brush or floss.
3. Reversible: Gingivitis is reversible with good oral hygiene and professional dental cleaning.

• Periodontitis:

1. Advanced Stage: If gingivitis is left untreated, it can progress to periodontitis, a more severe form of gum disease.
2. Symptoms: Gums pull away from the teeth, forming pockets that become infected. The body's immune response to this infection can break down the bone and connective tissue that hold teeth in place.
3. Consequences: Tooth loss and potential impact on overall health, including increased risk of heart disease and diabetes.

There are several key aspects of preventing gum disease, which we'll highlight below:

• Brush Regularly:

1. Technique: Brush your teeth at least twice a day with fluoride toothpaste. Use a soft-bristled toothbrush, like the best toothbrush dentist recommend, and replace it or toothbrush heads every three to four months.
2. Duration: Spend at least two minutes brushing to ensure all surfaces of your teeth are cleaned.

• Floss Daily:

1. Importance: Flossing removes plaque and food particles from between your teeth and under the gumline where your toothbrush can’t reach.
2. Method: Use a gentle sawing motion and curve the floss around each tooth to avoid damaging your gums.

• Use Mouthwash:

1. Antibacterial: An antibacterial mouthwash can help reduce bacteria in your mouth and freshen your breath.
2. Fluoride: Consider a fluoride mouthwash to help strengthen tooth enamel and prevent decay.

• Maintain a Healthy Diet:

1. Limit Sugars: Reduce your intake of sugary and starchy foods that contribute to plaque formation.
2. Nutritious Foods: Eat a balanced diet rich in fruits, vegetables, lean proteins, and whole grains to support your overall health and oral hygiene.

• Regular Dental Checkups:

1. Professional Cleaning: Visit your dentist regularly for professional cleanings to remove tartar and check for signs of gum disease.
2. Early Detection: Regular checkups allow for early detection and treatment of any dental issues.